Provided by Will Dunham
Washington (Reuters) -The whole has two types of matter. There is an invisible dark substance, known only because of its gravitational effect on a large scale. And there are simple things such as gas, dust, stars, planets and earthly objects such as biscuit dough and canoe.
Scientists believe that the usual thing is about 15% of all things, but for a long time they tried to document where it all is, about half of the undecided. With powerful radio waves emanating from 69 spaces, explosions, researchers have now found a “missing” thing.
It was primarily hiding as the thin distributed gas distributed in huge galaxies, and was found due to the effect of the need for radio waves traveling through space, the researchers said. This old gas includes an intergalactic medium, as if smoke between galaxies.
Scientists have previously identified the total amount of conventional materials, using the light observed, which remained from the major explosion event about 13.8 billion years ago, which initiated the universe. But they couldn’t really find half of the question.
“So the question we encountered was: Where does it hide? The answer seems: in a diffuse wise space online, far from galaxies,” said Liam Connor, a professor at Harvard University, published by Nature Astronomy on Monday.
Researchers found that a smaller piece of missing material is diffuse materials surrounding galaxies, halos, including our milk path.
The usual material consists of Baryon, which are protons and neutrons of subatomic particles needed to build atoms.
“People, planets and stars are made of Baryon. On the other hand, the dark material is a mysterious material that makes up most of the subject in the universe. We don’t know what new particle or material make up the dark material. We know exactly what the usual material is, we just didn’t know where it was,” Connor said.
So how many common things ended nowhere? Galaxies emit huge quantities of gas when large stars exploded in supernova, or when the Burp of the Supermassive Black Hole Burp has pushed the material with stars or gas.
“If the universe were a more boring place or the laws of physics were different, you may notice that all simple things would get into the galaxy, cool, make stars until each proton and neutron were part of the star. But it is not what happens,” said Connor.
Thus, these brutal physical processes are expanding normal matter through huge distances and sending it to the space desert. These gas is not common and plasma is separated by plasma and its electrons and protons are separated.
The mechanism used to detect and measure the missing ordinary things related to phenomena called rapid radio explosions, or FRB – powerful radio wave impulses emanating from the farthest points of the universe. Although their exact causes remain mysterious, the main hypothesis is that they are made by highly magnetized neutron stars, compact star empires left after a huge star dies in a supernova explosion.
Because the light of the radio frequency travels from the FRBS source to the ground, it is scattered into different wavelengths, just as the prism turns sunlight in a rainbow. The degree of this dispersion depends on how much matter is on the road of light, providing a mechanism to determine and measure the material where it remains undesirable.
Scientists used radio waves from 69 FRBs, 39 of which were found using 110 telescopes at Caltech’s Owens Valley Radio Observatory near the Bishop, California, known as the Deep Synoptic Array. The remaining 30 were detected using other telescopes.
The FRBS was up to 9.1 billion light -years from the Earth, the farthest of them. The year of light is a distance of distance per year, 5.9 trillion miles (9.5 trillion km).
Now that the usual things have been taken into account, the researchers have been able to determine its distribution. About 76% are in the intergalactic space, about 15% of galaxies in Halos, and the remaining 9% concentrated in galaxies, primarily as stars or gas.
“We can now move on to even more important secrets related to the usual universe,” said Connor. “And not only: what is the nature of dark matter and why is it so difficult to measure directly?”
(Will Dunham’s message, edited by Rosalba O’Brien)