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(Main) Black hole illustration, displacing an unfortunate star (insertion) JWST, who has just noticed these events for the first time. | Credit: (main) Carl Knox – Ozgrav
Astronomers revealed James Webb’s Space Telescope (JWST) into their first brutal and gloomy events of the universe: the stars are torn and swallowed in black holes. The powerful cosmic telescope discovered the black holes associated with these star murder, waiting for the dusty galaxies to sleep until their victims approached.
Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the team focused on several of these so -called flood disorders (TDES) dust, disguised galaxies. Tdes occur when a supermassive black hole in the heart of the galaxy captures a passing star and crushes it by releasing the huge bloating of energy. After watching the first TDE in the 1990s, astronomers discovered about 100 such stars destroying events while conducting an X-ray Rosat All-Sky study.
Interestingly, these JWST TDE observations indicate that these brutal and powerful incidents can be prevalent in galaxies masked by dense gas and dust veils, which means they are currently hidden.
“These are the first JWST observations of Tdes, and they do not look like what we have ever seen before,” Megan Masterson, a study team leader and a researcher at the Massachusetts Technology Institute, said in a statement. “We have learned that this is actually feeding on the accumulation of black hole, and they do not look like the environment around the usual active black holes.
“The fact that we can now investigate how that inactive black hole environment really seems to be an interesting aspect.”
How does a supermassive black hole hide your stars’ diet?
TDE begins when the stars orbit closes it to a supermassive black hole, with a mass of mass, or even billions of times higher than the “sun”. This huge mass causes a huge gravitational influence, which in turn creates powerful flood forces with a doomed star.
For this reason, the star was shredded horizontally and stretched vertically at the same time, and the process scientists called “Spaghetficity” colorfully.
However, these star noodles do not fall directly into the black hole. Instead, it forms a rotating, smoothed cloud around the black hole called the “accumulation disk”, which gradually nourishes the material for the space Titan. The same tide forces that spaghettin cause a stroke drive when spaghettin.
Meanwhile, most of what made a dead star is directed to the black hole pole, where it accelerates to almost light speed and is thrown as high energy nozzles. These nozzles also emit electromagnetic radiation, contributing to the brightness that causes the TDE to be noticeable through the electromagnetic spectrum.
The black hole in the violent TDE raises the star. | Credit: Sophia Dagnello, NRAO/AUI/NSF
Most TDE is noticeable in optical and x -ray galaxies with relatively little gas and dust. However, these events are harder to see in galaxies with dense dusty chips.
This is because dust and gas can absorb electromagnetic radiation in optical and x -ray wavelengths. Thus, TDES in these galaxies are easy to miss. However, infrared light is less easily absorbed by dust clouds – and JWST is simply the most sensitive infrared telescope.
The research team brought together a $ 10 billion cosmic telescope into four dusty galaxies, which is believed to have happened to TDE. In fact, in these galaxies, JWST discovered infrared fingerprints of supermassive black holes from an acrising disk.
Fingerprints at the space of cosmic crime
In fact, the team used JWST to confirm TDES in these dusty galaxies, using a very specific infrared emission, which can only occur when feeding black holes. This “fingerprint” is created when a huge amount of radiation from the black hole acresting disc strips of atoms around the black hole, so they ionize. In particular, neon ionization causes infrared radiation to release at very specific wavelength. JWST may notice this signal material.
“There is nothing else in the universe that can excite this gas for these energies, except for the accumulation of black holes,” Materson said.
The team has investigated 12 suspected dust areas, finding this neon fingerprint in four of them. This included the nearest TDE found in a galaxy found in 130 million light years.
Because the star is entrusted to a supermassive black hole, it emits a pronounced flow of material called an exacerbation of a flood disorder. | Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
To confirm the supermassive black hole Akreds in these galaxies was only the team’s first step. The agenda continued to determine whether these black holes are constantly feeding on “active” black holes with constant supply of gas and dust, or whether they were sleeping giants before the sounds of the star dinner, waiting for the stars.
JWST noticed the main differences between these galaxies and dust in active galaxies where the supermassive black hole is constantly feeding on the surrounding materials. In active galaxies, the clouds of dust dust dust around their supermassive black holes usually occur in active galaxies. However, this team found that all four dusty galaxies studied with JWST showed very different models compared to typical active galaxies.
This means that the supermassive black holes in these four severely covered galaxies were inactive outside the stars they had to go to and destroyed.
“At the same time, these observations say that the only thing these rockets can be is tdes,” Masterson said.
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The next step of astronomers will be detected more at the moment the TDE will dived. This could help them better understand those events and determine how many star material supermassive black holes are swallowed and how much they spit out. Increased data could also help to reveal how long the TDE process lasts, as well as to help decipher some of the main properties of supermassive black holes, such as the speed they rotated and how massive they are.
“The real black hole, hiding down all that star material, takes time,” Masterson explained. “This is not an instant process. And we hope we can start checking out how long that process lasts and what the environment looks like. No one knows because we have just started to discover and study these events.”
The team survey was published on Thursday (July 24) Astrophysical Journal Letters.