Little “primordial” black holes created in the big explosion

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The primordial black holes, which formed at the earliest moments of the universe, were able to quickly swell to the supermassive sizes, revealed by sophisticated cosmological modeling.

This discovery can lead to solving one of the biggest problems in contemporary cosmology: how supermassive black holes could grow millions or billions of times more massive than the sun before the universe for 1 billion years.

For NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), this problem has recently been out of hand. The powerful scope was checked by the early universe, discovering more and more supermassive black holes, which existed just 700 million years after the big bang or even earlier.

“The problem here is that when we look at an early universe with an increasingly and more powerful telescopes that actually allow us to see the space as it was very early due to the finite speed of light, we are constantly seeing supermassive black holes,” said Space.com Research team John Regan John Rean. “This means that supermassive black holes are very early in the universe, in the first few hundred million years.”

The processes that scientists have previously offered to explain the growth of supermassive black holes, such as rapid matter and larger and larger black holes, should take more than a billion years to grow a super -marshmall -black hole.

The earliest and farthest supermassive black hole, which has so far been discovered by the JWST, is the Ceers 1019, which existed just 570 million years after the Great Bang and was 9 million times the sun. According to the models set, it is too large to exist about 13.2 billion years ago.

“This is confusing because black holes must appear either in this large mass or grow particularly quickly from a smaller mass,” said Rean. “We have no evidence to suggest that black holes can form with these huge masses, and we do not fully understand how small black holes can grow so fast.”

New research shows that the primary black holes may have been given to early supermassive black holes in this race.

The inki -black holes get the beginning of the head

Black holes come in a variety of masses. Stellar-masass black holes, which are 10 to 100 times the sun, are created when huge stars exploit their nuclear fuel stamp, collapse to cause huge supernova explosions.

Supermassive black holes have at least one million times more than the solar mass and sit in the heart of all large galaxies. They are too large to form when a massive star dies. Instead, these black holes are created when smaller black holes blend many times or poorly feeding the surrounding materials or in the combination of both processes.

These two examples of black holes, as well as the rude medium mass black holes, which are located in the mass bay between the stars mass and the supermassive black holes, are classified as “astrophysical” black holes.

For a long time, scientists have suggested that there are “non -auto -” black holes as a form of primordial black holes. The “unastrophysical” descriptor states that these black holes do not turn to collapsing stars or earlier black holes for their existence.

Instead, the primary black holes are offered directly from the upper pockets in the steam containing hot materials that filled the universe for the first second after the Great Bang.

So far, there is no evidence of these primordial black holes. However, this did not prevent scientists from proposing that these hypothetical objects can reflect the dark material – mysterious “objects” that make up 85% of the universe subject, but remains invisible because it does not communicate with light.

New research shows that the primordial black holes offered to the masses with a weight of 1/100,000, as paper and 100,000 times the sun, could have a great advantage of quickly shaping supermassive black holes. This is because the upper boundary of their mass is not limited to the massive star that it can obtain until it dies, as it is with the black holes of the star mass.

“Primordial black holes should form within the first few seconds after the big bang. If they exist, they have some advantages compared to astrophysical black holes,” said Rean. “Basically, they can be more massive than astrophysical black holes, and can be easier to settle in the centers of galaxy where they can grow fast.”

Primordial black holes can also begin the beginning of a fierce star mass of black holes, as they do not wait for the first generation of massive star-profile to die, which can take millions of years.

Rean explained that their origin of the astrophysical black hole could only occur after the first stars end the fuel. Even then, the astrophysical black holes can still contain only a few hundred solar masses. In addition, the perspective of supermassive black hole growth from the star mass of black holes is that the energy emitted from the stars during their lives, while explosive supernova deaths cleanse the material from newborn black holes by depleting their potential curse and arranging their growth.

“It may mean that there is no material to make the baby’s black hole accumulated,” Rean explained.

The primordial black hole would not be dismantled by energy and “disappear” Nova, removing this obstacle. However, they will still need to find the way to a large source of matter.

Is the primary black holes in the heart of the supermassive galaxies?

During the modeling of Rean and colleagues, the primordial black holes needed to grow in the accumulation of material, while the black hole merger combines the process.

“The material in the early universe consists mainly of hydrogen and helium,” Reman continued. “It is expected that these primary black holes will usually grow in the accumulation of hydrogen and helium. Conjunities with other primeval black holes can also play an important role, but the acre is expected to be dominated.”

In order for the accumulation of primordial black holes to be effective enough to create a supermassive black hole, these objects must be able to stumble quickly. This means that you need to go to the regions of the universe, where the Congregates of matter is the center of the galaxies, which is also the kind of supermassive black hole in the modern space era.

“As a result, the primordial black holes must immerse themselves in the center of the galaxy,” said Rean. “It can happen if there are enough primordial black holes. Only a few need to succeed!”

The number of primeval black holes available for this process determines whether the astrophysical black hole will eventually play an important role in the growth of early supermassive black holes.

“If the primordial black holes are very abundant, then they can form a whole population of supermassive black holes,” said Rean. “Whether the primary black holes make up the entire mass of the early super -moody black holes depends on how many they are. Basically, it is possible, but I think the astrophysical black hole also plays a role.”

Of course, these data are based on modeling, so there is still a lot to do before this theory can be confirmed. One of the evidence of the observation of this theory would be the detection of a huge black hole in itself, very Early universe, even up to 500 million years after the Great Bang.

Another possible line of observation evidence would be black holes less than three times the Sun, detection of a modern universe. This is because such a small black hole could not form from the death of the supernova and the massive collapse of the star, indicating that this diminutive black hole grew out of its primordial.

“I am surprised that the primeval black holes have grown so fast and that our modeling at least matched the parameter space where they can exist,” said Rean. “All we need now is the ‘smoking gun’ from the primary black hole from observations-anarba very small mass black hole in the present universe, or a really large mass black hole in a very early universe.

“Primordial black holes, if they exist, hide in extremes!”

Related stories:

– Primordial black hole can increase our solar system every decade

– Primordial black holes can flood the universe. Could one hit the ground?

– Small black holes remaining from the big bang

Instead of such observation, the team will seek to improve their cosmological modeling to enhance the theory of supermassive black holes, starting with primordial black holes.

“Other steps are to increase the realism of modeling. It was the first step. The modeling was just the primordial black holes,” reached Rean. “We continue to model primary and astrophysical black holes in the same environment and find out if we can see exceptional qualities.”

Team study appears as a Terpeer viewing document on the ARXIV.