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Initially, there were prebiotic compounds that were the ingredients of life, but had not yet been connected in the right ways.
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Organic sulfur compounds known as thioesters could catalyze reactions that eventually led to life.
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An experiment that used a thioester to spontaneously catalyze RNA’s connection with amino acids can tell us what happened billions of years ago.
The primordial land for the human eyes would look like a stranger to the planet. When the first known life came about 3.7 billion years ago, the planet’s crust just intensified under the infinite ocean. These forms of life were prokaryotes, unicellular organisms without a nucleus such as bacteria and archaea. They would leave evidence of their existence in analized stromatolites or fossil coal in the rocks. Another thing they left was a hardy secret.
The way life on Earth comes out remains unknown. Whether they were already here or have come from comet and asteroid collisions, essential components of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur life somehow found themselves on a young planet. They combined and recombined with each other and certain metals. Somehow, the chemical reactions to those antedyluvian waters have led to prebiotic molecules such as proteins, lipids, amino acids and other components of nucleic acid RNA and DNA. Early genetic systems emerged. The primitive forms of life echoed and separated from their environment.
As a billion -year unspecific is not an option, chemist Matthew Powner of London University College has found a way to show how life can arise on Earth.
“Understanding how nucleotide biosynthesis may have been controlled by nucleotides is a noticeable gap for our understanding of life, but is a huge challenge due to the enormous complexity and ancient protein synthesis,” Power said in a recently published natural study. “But all proteins are created [the same way.]’
Powner has previously showed how peptides made from amino acids and protein binding can be made up of substances such as hydrogen sulfide and ferricyanide. He and his team of researchers have found out how RNA is forced to spontaneously connect to amino acids in water, which is neither acidic nor alkaline, allegedly as the waters of early earth. The reaction was driven by the energy of organic sulfur compounds known as Tioesters.
What the Powner team managed to retreat showed the convergence of two theories that hypothesized what happened at the dawn of life. The Thiester World theory shows that Tioesters were catalysts that caused and accelerated reactions that caused early metabolic processes. RNA World Theory states that RNA appeared against DNA. It is believed that during the first unicellular organisms, molecules against the RNA -controlled structure, catalyzed reactions and acted as a primitive type of genetic code until RNA was synthesized from some of these molecules and took over.
It is possible that Tioesters may have been involved in reactions that eventually caused RNA. Life would not be life without it. DNA has information on how to synthesize proteins such as antibodies, collagen and hemoglobin, while RNA transmits this information to the ribosome, which causes those proteins of 20 different amino acids via ribose peptide synthesis or RPS. This process is usually initiated by amino acids methionine, which (among other functions) regulates metabolic processes. In the near future, Powner plans to continue the origin of RPS, the relics of the distant past.
“Particularly innovative is that the activated amino acid used in this study is a thioester, a type of molecule made of coenzim A, a chemical found in all living cells,” the latest press release said. “This discovery can link metabolism, genetic code and protein development.”
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