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Some JWST are investigated by the Edge-on disk galaxy. | Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STSCI, Takafumi Tsuk (Anu)
Astronomers took the role of cosmic archaeologists using James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to dig up more than 100 disk galaxies compared to 11 billion years ago. Like the artifacts excavated here on Earth, tell the story of the human race, these galaxies could tell our Galactic story “The Bird Trail”.
The aim of this study was to find out why galaxies such as birds are made of thick star discs with inserted thin stars discs. Each of these discs is characterized by its peculiar stars population with its own movement.
The team of this study wanted to know how and why this “double disk” structure was formed, directed at 111 disk galaxies focused on the “land” from our perspective here on Earth. This was reflected for the first time when astronomers examined the structures of thick and thin disk galaxies that existed in the baby space stages, 2.8 billion years after the Great Bang.
“This unique measurement of disc thickness at a large red displacement or sometimes in the early universe is a theoretical research benchmark, which was only possible with JWST,” says Takafum Tsukas, a team leader from Australia’s National University. “Usually older, thick disc stars are weak, and young, thin disc stars outperform the entire galaxy.
“However, with a jwst resolution and a unique ability to see through dust and highlight the weak old stars, we can determine the structure of two discs galaxies and measure their thickness separately.”
By telling the story of the milk road
The first step of the team was to distinguish between 111 examples of galaxies into two categories: double -discounted and disposable.
It seemed that this was revealed that the galaxies were first growing a thick star disk, and the slim disk was formed later.
The team believes that the time of these disc formation processes depends on the mass of the galaxy in question. High mass, one disk galaxy, converted into double disc structures, forming an embedded thin disk approximately 8 billion years ago in our universe of about 14 billion years ago. It seemed that smaller mass galaxies were only this transformation only when they were about 4 billion years.
“This is the first time it was possible to solve thin star discs at the higher red shift. What really reveals in the novel when thin star discs begin to emerge,” said Emily Wisnioski, a study team member and researcher at the Australian National University. “See thin stars discs, 8 billion years ago or even earlier, I was surprised.”
Some JWST are investigated by thin disk and thick disk galaxies. | Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STSCI, Takafumi Tsuk (Anu)
Then the team started to determine what caused these different types of galaxies to cross. To do this, the researchers crossed the 111 galaxy sample to investigate how the gas flowed around these things.
They used gas motion data from Atacama’s large millimeter/sublimeter array (Alma) -66 antennas collection in the northern Chile, which operate as one telescope-and other ground observatory.
This has shown that turbulent gas in the early universe causes intensive stars in galaxies, and give birth to these galaxies thick stars. Because of the formation of these thick disc stars, the gas is stabilized, becoming less restless and spreading. This leads to the formation of the inserted thin stars disk.
This process, says the team, takes a different time in high mass galaxies and low mass galaxies, as the first gas turns stars more efficiently than the second. This means that the gas is depleted faster with large mass galaxies and may make it faster.
Illustration of the Galaxy of our Home Milk Road. | Credit: Shutterstock
It also associates with our own galaxies. The time of these transitions corresponded to the period during which the theoret of the milk path was made to increase its thin star disk.
In general, team research shows JWST’s ability to go back to time and find galaxies corresponding to the evolution of our own galaxies, allowing these galaxies to act as commissioners who tell the history of the Milky Way.
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Another step in this study will cover a team that adds more data to see if the relationship they are observed is still there.
“There are still many more we would like to investigate,” Tsuk said. “We want to add information that people usually get for the nearby galaxies [the abundance of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium];
“By doing so, we can overcome the insights of the galaxies of the loved ones and improve our understanding of disc formation.”
The results of the team are presented in the July Magazine’s Royal Astronomical Society.