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In the world, scientists demonstrated an enigmatic phenomenon first Quantum calculation This could prepare the way for a faulty -resistant machine that is much more powerful than any supercomputer.
The first was the process called “miraculous distillation” Offered 20 years agoHowever, its use in logical Qubit has since avoided scientists. It has long been considered the essential for developing high quality resources known as the “miraculous state” needed to exploit the full potential of quantum computers.
Magical states are pre -prepared quantum states, which are subsequently consumed as resources as the most complex quantum algorithms. Without these resources, quantum computers cannot get involved in strange laws Quantum mechanics To process information in parallel.
Meanwhile, the miraculous distillation of the state is a filtration process in which the highest quality magic states are “purified” and can therefore be used by the most complex quantum algorithms.
This process has so far been possible in a simple, mistaken physical QUBIT, but not in the logical QUBIT-Physical Qubit groups that have the same data and are configured to detect and correct errors that often disrupt quantum calculation operations.
Since the distillation of magical states in logical quarters has not yet been possible, quantum computers using logical quarters were theoretically possible to overtake classic machines.
Related: What is quantum superposition and what does it mean for quantum calculation?
But now, Queera scientists say they have been practically demonstrating the magical distillation of the state with logical quaters for the first time. They described their conclusions in a new study published on July 14th. In the magazine Nature;
“Quantum computers would not be able to fulfill their promise without this miraculous state of distillation process. This is a necessary stage.” Yuval bogerIn an interview with Live Science, Live Science, chief commercial officer. Boger did not personally participate in research.
Road to a faulty -resistant quantum calculation
Quantum computers are used Receipts how their building blocks and they use quantum logic – a set of rules and operations that regulate how quantum information is processed – to run algorithms and process data. However, the challenge is to perform incredibly complex algorithms while maintaining an incredibly low level of errors.
The problem is that the physical Qubits are essentially “noisy”, which means that calculations are often disrupted by factors such as temperature changes and electromagnetic radiation. This is why so many studies have been directed Correction of quantum errors (QEC).
Reduced errors – this is 1 in 1000 QUBIT compared to 1 million million ordinary bits, prevent disruption and allow calculations to be performed. This is where logical receipts appear.
“For quantum computers to be useful, they have to make quite long and complex calculations. If the error level is too high, this calculation quickly turns into mushrooms or into useless data,” the study author Sergio’s songVice President of Quera Quantum Systems, Live Science told Live Science in an interview. “The entire purpose of correcting the mistakes is to reduce this error level so that you can safely make a million calculations.”
Logical Qubits are collections of entangled physical square collections that have the same information and are based on the principle of dismissal. If one or more physical squares in the logical square collapse, the calculation is not disturbed because the information exists elsewhere.
However, scientists said the logic QUBIT is very limited, as they can only carry out the error correction codes applicable to Clifford Gates, the main operations in quantum circuits. These operations are the main one to the quantum chain, but they are so basic that they can be imitated at any supercomputer.
Only by using high -quality magic states can scientists carry out a “non -Clifford gate” and get involved in real parallel processing. However, it is a lot of resources to generate and expensive, so it was still impossible to achieve logical squares.
Basically, supporting Quantum advantage; For this we need to distilize magical states directly in logical scents.
Magic states prepare the way for opportunities not just for supercoming
“Magic states allow us to expand the number and type of operations we can do. So virtually any quantum algorithm, which is valuable, would require magical states,” Cant said.
The generation of miraculous states in physical scents, as we did, is a mixed bag-is a low quality and high quality magic state-and they must be improved. Only then can they encourage the most powerful programs and quantum algorithms.
In the study, using Twin neutral atoms quantumScientists distilled five imperfect magic states into one, cleaner magical state. They did this separately at a distance-3 and Distance-5 logical square, showing that it increases according to the quality of the logical square.
“Larger distance means better logical quakes. For example, distance-2 means you can detect a mistake, but do not fix it. Distiss-3 means you can detect and correct one mistake. Distance-5 means you can detect and correct up to two errors, etc. to jet fuel. “
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Due to the discipline process, the loyalty of the final magic has exceeded any input. Scientists said it proved that the distillation of a miraculous state was resistant to a malaise. This means that it is now possible to use a quantum computer that uses both logical QUBITS and high quality Magic states to run a non -clifford gate.
“We see as a transition from a few years,” Boger said. “The challenge was: was it possible to create quantum computers at all? Then the mistakes were discovered and corrected. We and Google and others have shown that yes, it can be done. Now it is: Can we make these computers really useful? And make one computer really useful except for them to be larger, they want them to run programs that cannot be imitated on classic computers. “