India’s Reserve Bank Exclusively Proposes Linking BRICS Digital Currencies, Sources Say

By Jaspreet Kalra and Nikunj Ohri

MUMBAI/NEW DELHI, Jan 19 (Reuters) – India’s central bank has proposed that BRICS countries link their official digital currencies to facilitate cross-border trade and tourist payments, two sources said, which could reduce reliance on the U.S. dollar as geopolitical tensions rise.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has recommended to the government that a proposal to connect central bank digital currencies (CBDC) be on the agenda of the 2026 BRICS summit, sources said. They requested anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly.

India will host the summit, which will be held later this year. If the recommendation is accepted, a proposal to connect digital currencies of BRICS members will be put forward for the first time. The BRICS organization includes Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, among others.

The initiative could irritate the US, which has warned against any moves to bypass the dollar.

US President Donald Trump has previously called the BRICS alliance “anti-American” and threatened to impose tariffs on its members.

The RBI, India’s central government and the central banks of China, Brazil and Russia did not respond to emails seeking comment. The South African central bank declined to comment.

RBI’s proposal to link BRICS CBDCs to finance cross-border trade and tourism has not been previously reported.

BUILDING BRIDGES

The ⁠RBI proposal is based on a 2025 declaration at a BRICS ​​summit in Rio de Janeiro, which promoted interoperability between members’ payment systems to make cross-border transactions more efficient.

The RBI has publicly expressed its interest in linking India’s digital rupee with other nations’ CBDCs to speed up cross-border transactions and strengthen the global use of its currency. However, he said his efforts to promote the global use of the rupee were not aimed at promoting de-dollarization.

While none of the BRICS members have fully launched their digital currencies, all five core members have piloted projects.

India’s digital currency – called the e-rupee – has attracted a total of 7 million retail users since its launch in December 2022, while China has pledged to boost international use of the digital yuan.

The RBI has encouraged e-rupee adoption by enabling offline payments, providing programmability for government subsidy transfers and allowing fintech firms to offer digital currency wallets.

For BRICS digital currency ties to succeed, items such as interoperable technology, governance rules and ways to address imbalanced trade volumes would be among the topics of discussion, one of the sources said.

The source warned that members’ reluctance to adopt technology platforms from other countries could delay work on the proposal, and concrete progress would require consensus on technology and regulation.

One idea being explored to manage potential trade imbalances is the use of bilateral currency swap agreements between central banks, both sources said.

Previous attempts by Russia and India to conduct more transactions in their local currencies have been blocked. Russia has accumulated large balances of Indian rupees for which it has found limited use, prompting India’s central bank to allow such balances to be invested in local bonds.

Weekly or monthly settlements for trades are proposed to be done through swaps, the second source said.

Long way

Founded in 2009 by Brazil, Russia, India and China, BRICS later expanded to include South Africa and has since expanded further, adding newer members such as the United Arab Emirates, Iran and Indonesia.

The bloc has returned to the spotlight thanks to Trump’s revived trade war rhetoric and tariff threats, including warnings aimed at BRICS-aligned countries. At the same time, India drew closer to Russia and China as it faced trade frictions with the US.

Previous efforts to turn the ⁠BRICS into a major economic counterweight have met with obstacles, including the ambition to create a common BRICS currency, an idea that was floated by Brazil but later rejected.

While interest in CBDCs has been dampened globally by the growing adoption of stablecoins, India continues to position its e-rupee as a safer and more regulated alternative.

CBDCs “do not present many of the risks associated with stablecoins,” RBI Deputy Governor T Rabi Sankar said last month.

“In addition to facilitating illicit payments and circumvention of control measures, stablecoins raise significant concerns for monetary stability, fiscal policy, banking intermediation and systemic resilience,” Sankar said.

India fears widespread use of stablecoins could fragment national payments and weaken the digital payments ecosystem, Reuters reported in September.

(Reporting by Jaspret Kalra in ̀Mumbai and Nikunj Ohri in New Delhi; Editing by Ira Dugal, Sumeet Chatterjee and Thomas Cerpinghaus)

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