People of the Stone Age who live at the lake now, now in Germany, systematically processed animal carcasses for fat nutrients are essentially what scientists describe as “fat factory” to boil bones on a wide scale based on new studies.
Archaeologists revealed the factory by analyzing about 120,000 bone fragments and 16,000 Flint tools that opened a site called Neumark-Nord over the years, south of Halle, in a study published on Wednesday, published on Wednesday in Science Advances. Excavators found artifacts along with evidence of fire use.
Researchers believe that the Neanderthals, the extinct human species, of course, lived in the place 125,000 years ago, smashed the marrow rich bones into fragments with stone hammers, then cooked them for several hours to extract fat that float to the surface and may be cooling.
Since this deed would include hunting planning, carcass transportation and storage, exceeding the immediate food needs, and turning the fat in an area for a special task helps to draw a group of group organizations, strategies and deeply improved survival skills.
“This view that the Neanderthals were stupid is another data point that proves otherwise,” said Wil Roebroeks, a professor of archeology at Paleolithic Archeology and Paleolithic University at the University of Willorland.
Numerous archaeological discoveries have shown in recent decades that Neanderthals have been smarter than the original brutal stereotype may think. Ancient people lived throughout Eurasia and disappeared 40,000 years ago, and previous studies found that they made yarn and glue, engraved bones and cave walls and collected jewelry from Eagle Talons.
Details of new studies show that Neanderthals may have also been unexpectedly refined and attitudes towards nutrition.
Researchers believe that Neanderthals have crushed animal bones into fragments before cooking them to extract nutrients. – Kindler/Leiza-Monrepos
The threat of protein poisoning
According to the study, Neanderthals, who live in the German place over 300 years, also clearly understood the value of their bone fat nutrition.
A small amount of fat is an essential part of a healthy, balanced diet. The material was even more important for hunters-gathers, such as Neanderthals, who were probably very dependent on animal food.
A diet dominated by lean meat and lack of fatty acids can lead to a debilitating and sometimes fatal form of malnutrition, in which the ability of the liver enzymes to break down and get rid of excess nitrogen is disturbed by researchers in their document. Today is known as protein poisoning, the condition has earned a reputation among early European researchers in North America as “rabbits” or “mal de caribou”.
Hunter-collactors, such as Neanderthals with body weight from 50 kilograms to 80 kilograms (£ 110 to £ 175), would have been supposed to maintain their consumption to keep the diet protein less than 300 grams (about 10 ounces) to prevent condition. According to research, it is about 1,200 calories, which is a lot of daily energy demand. As a result, Neanderthal people probably needed to get the rest of the calories from non -protein source, both fat and carbohydrates.
Animal muscle meat incisions contain very little fat, so bones containing marrow and other fat tissues, even when the animal is the wrong – is a more important source.
Researchers found out that most of the remains were located out of 172 individual large animals, including horses, deer and auurochs, large cows -like beings that are now extinct. The Nandertalians chose the longest bones with the most marrow, and the study found.
PG was impressed by how the fat factory site may have looked 125,000 years ago. – Skherjon/Leiza-Monrepos
Dash of acorns, a pinch of plum plum
According to the authors of the study, the Neanderthals processed the bones accurately. Ancient people probably made containers or pots from birch bark, animal skin or other parts of the body, such as stomach linings, filling them with water and hanging on fire, Roebroeks said.
Neanderthals could use the fat they produced as a “fat broth” to which the plants may have been added due to taste, as well as nutritional value, suggested a study by CAOTOR Geoff Smith, a senior researcher at the University University of Zooararology. He noted that hardened remains of hazelnuts, acorns and suppressed plums were also found during the excavation, he noted.
“These were not ordinary hunter-gathers who were only receiving the main planners every day, who could have been able to look ahead, organize difficult tasks and squeeze every last calorie out of their environment,” Smith said.
The results are “exciting”, according to Ludovic Slimak, French National Research Center (CNRS) and Paul Sabatier University in Toulus, France, archaeologist Ludovic Slimak. Slimac did not participate in the study.
“They finally offer a clear archaeological approval of what many of us have long suspected that the Neanderthals have not only evaluated bone lipids, but also created specific strategies for extracting and processing them,” said Sliak, author of the last Neanderthasty, later announced in English this year.
“This closely corresponds to a broader archaeological record that shows Neanderthals as highly qualified large game hunters with a refined sense of ecological adaptation,” he added.
The Neumark-Nord site is “the best example of rendering the bone grille” since this Stone Age, said Bruce Hardy, Kenneth, a professor of pointed anthropology at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio. Hardy also did not participate in the study.
“The combination of evidence presented by Neumarkas is impressive,” Hardy said. “This may reflect the rendering of the Neanderthal bone grill a stinking pistol or stewing bone broth.”
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