US consumer prices posted perhaps their biggest annual increase in 1-1/2 years in November

By Lucia Mutikani

WASHINGTON, Dec 18 (Reuters) – U.S. consumer prices likely rose the most in 1-1/2 years in the year to November, economists predicted, underscoring worsening affordability challenges facing Americans that were partly blamed on import tariffs.

The Labor Department’s Bureau of Labor Statistics will not release month-over-month changes when it releases its delayed November consumer price index report on Tuesday, after the 43-day government shutdown prevented October data collection. The October CPI release was canceled because price data could not be collected retrospectively.

The longest shutdown in history also affected labor market data, with the government failing to release the unemployment rate for October for the first time.

But the BLS will publish ‌ annual rates for the CPI and the so-called core CPI, which excludes the volatile food and energy components.

The agency publishes numerous indices in addition to the broad CPI and the core CPI. Those derived from data that do not need to be physically collected will be available, though the BLS said it expected “the number of publishable indices to be small.”

The statistics agency said it was “unable to provide specific guidance to data users for navigating the missing October observations”. Economists have advised viewing the CPI and its components on a year-over-year basis or the bimonthly change.

“Progress in reducing inflation has stalled,” said Andy Schneider, senior U.S. economist at BNP Paribas. “This largely reflects companies in goods-producing sectors passing on tariff costs into prices.”

CPI likely rose 3.1 percent year-on-year in November, which would be the biggest gain since May 2024, a Reuters poll of economists estimated. CPI rose 3.0% in the 12 months to September.

But the CPI could come in below expectations as data collection was delayed at the end of the month when retailers offered discounts for the holiday season. This could be evident in lower prices for goods such as furniture and leisure goods.

“This year’s November CPI may capture a period that reflects more of the discounting of the holiday season than the typical November, which would reflect average prices over the entire month,” said Veronica Clark, an economist at Citigroup. “If there is abnormal weakness in commodity prices from November, there could be a larger rebound in these components in December.”

President Donald Trump’s high import duties have raised prices for many goods, although the pass-through of tariffs has been gradual as businesses worked through inventories built up before trade policy tightened and also absorbed some of the duties, evident in the moderate rise in new car prices.

CONSUMER RATES

“Retailers are in the middle of passing on tariffs to consumers and have passed on about 40% of the total through September,” said Samuel Tombs, chief economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics. “We expect this proportion to gradually increase to 70% by March and then stabilize.”

Economists say the tariff burden has fallen disproportionately on lower-income households, which have little or no savings buffer and have also experienced slower wage growth compared to other workers.

Trump, who won the 2024 presidential election on promises to tame inflation, has alternated in recent weeks between dismissing affordability issues as a farce, blaming former President Joe Biden and promising that Americans will benefit from his economic policies next year.

Core CPI is expected to have risen 3.0% year-on-year in November. This would match September’s gain and reflect higher prices for rents and goods, excluding food and energy. Lower airfares, hotel and motel rooms could provide some compensation.

The Federal Reserve is tracking the price indices for personal consumption expenditures for the 2% inflation target.

PCE price measures are calculated from some components of the CPI and Producer Price Index baskets. The PPI report for October has been cancelled. The November producer inflation report will now be released in mid-January. The government has not yet set a new release date for the November PCE price data. Both PCE price measures were well above target in September.

Fed officials last week cut the U.S. central bank’s benchmark interest rate by another 25 basis points to a range of 3.50 percent to 3.75 percent, but signaled borrowing costs were unlikely to fall further in the near term as they awaited clarity on the direction of the labor market and inflation.

Fed Chairman Jerome Powell told reporters “it’s actually the tariffs that are causing most of the inflation outpacing.”

It could take some time for consumers to see lower prices since the White House rolled back taxes on some goods, including beef, bananas and coffee.

“With firms tending to review pricing decisions at the start of the calendar year, we see the potential for another burst in commodity inflation in the first quarter,” said Sara House, senior economist at Wells Fargo.

(Reporting by Lucia Mutikani; Editing by Andrea Ricci)

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