They are science fiction boogen, science paradox and perhaps the key to understanding the universe.
Scientists have understood the mysterious forces of black holes for decades, but so far it seems that they have found more existential questions than answers.
We know that the black hole is so heavy that its gravity creates a peculiar division in the geometry of the universe, said the Yale University theoretrophysicist Priyamvada Natarajan.
“The black hole is so concentrated that it causes some deep puncture in space/time. At the end of puncture you have an item called exclusivity when all known natural laws break. Nothing we know about at the time.”
Understanding what science knows about black holes includes mysterious small red dots, galaxies formation and spaghettics (an unpleasant thought experiment about what would happen to someone who was unsuccessful in the black hole).
First, the good news: black holes do not fill us. They do not go into the universe in search of galaxies, sun and planets that need to be forgotten.
“Not only do they dive into you in a dark alley,” said Lloyd Knox, a professor of physics and astronomy at Davis University of California.
However, our understanding of the foundations of the universe has been replaced by new telescopes and sensors in the last decade, allowing scientists to see more black holes and at each stage of their lives.
“Our understanding of the role of black holes that they are an essential part of the formation of galaxies is a new one,” Natarajan said.
The cosmic secrets are revealed here:
This illustration indicates a glowing flow of material from the star because it is swallowed by a supermassive black hole. When the star passes at a certain distance of the black hole – close enough to disrupt gravity, the star material is stretched and compressed when it enters the black hole.
A new kind of black hole and newly proven theory
The original understanding of how the black holes formed was that when the sun (approximately 10 times or massive than our sun) reached the end of his life, it could explode to the supernov, which then collapsed back into the black hole. The matter can collapse into something just a few miles in diameter, becoming so dense that its gravity is strong enough that nothing, not even easy, can escape. This is called the star mass black hole.
However, in the last two decades, new types of black holes have been seen and astronomers have begun to understand how they are being formed. The so -called supermassive black holes, they were found in the center of almost every galaxy and are from one hundred thousand to a billion times the mass of our sun.
But how did they form?
“The original idea was that small black holes were formed and then they grew,” Natarajan said. “But then there are time crises explaining monsters seen in an early universe. Even if they scare the star gas, did they have time to make such a big? It was an open question even 20 years ago.”
2017 She theoristic that these supermassive black holes from the early start of the universe occurred when the galactic gas clouds collapsed directly on itself, completely missing the star scene and moving directly from the gas to a huge black hole seed, with the beginning, which could later grow.
“Then guess what? 2023 James Webbo Telescope found these objects,” she said. “This is what a scientist lives to predict and see it proven.”
These composite images appear from two different groups of galaxies, each with a central black hole surrounded by patches and gas filaments. Galaxy’s clusters known as Perseus and Centaurs are two of the seven Galaxy clusters noted as an international study led by Santiago de Chile University
Black holes do not suck everything in them
Because they have such a great difficulty, black holes spread with stars gas and everything else that is too close to them. But this is not an endless process that ends in the fact that the whole universe is absorbed into them.
People sometimes worry that black holes are these huge vacuum cleaners that pull everything in the face. “It’s not like a whirlpool that stretches everything to it,” Knox said.
Black holes are actually like any other mass concentration, whether it is the sun or the planet. They have their own gravity attraction, but it is not infinite.
“If you were far enough, you would just feel the gravitational force, just the way you would feel from the planet,” said Brenna Mockker, a podoctoral collaborator, Carnegie Observatives in Carnegie, California, California in Carnegie.
This image refers to the place of the newly discovered binary star, the shooter A*, the supermassive black hole in the center of our galaxy. This is the first pair of stars ever found near the supermassive black hole.
If you got into a black hole, you would be “spaghetti”
Natarajan said all the substances cause submersion or pit in space/time. The black hole is so heavy that its gravity creates a certain division in the geometry of the universe.
“The larger the mass, the larger the pit,” she said. “At the end of the puncture, you have an item called exclusivity that breaks down all the known laws of nature. Nothing we know is not at the time.”
Where these start wires are unknown.
“It’s an open question,” Natarajan said. “We don’t think it could be another universe because we don’t know where it can go in our universe. But we don’t know.”
So what if a person got into a black hole? Astrophysicists have the word – spaghettika.
“If you first got into the black hole, the different gravity between the head and toes would be so intense that you would be stretched and spaghetized,” Natarajan said.
Our sun will never become a black hole
There is no fear that our own sun will become a black hole, Knox said. This is not big enough.
“Lower mass stars burn through their hydrogen to get helium, and then they will start burning helium into the carbon content. And then at some point it will only end, just repel themselves,” he said.
“Our sun will eventually expand and envelop the ground and destroy it – but it is 5 billion years later, so you have some time to prepare. But it won’t become a black hole.”
Still unanswered secret – “small red dots”
The extremely powerful NASA James Webb Space Telescope started its scientific mission in 2022. And almost immediately has chosen something that no one can explain so far: small red items that look plentiful in space.
These objects, known as “small red dots”, perplexed astronomers. They can be very, very dense, very stars forming galaxies.
“Or they can be very accumulating supermassive black holes from a very early universe,” said Mockler, who is a professor at Davis University in California.
This article initially appeared in the USA Today: What is a black hole? Scientists fly to the uniform of cosmic secret