Astronomers finally find rude, dust supermassive black holes in Cosmic Dawn

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Using a powerful combination of Subaru Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), astronomers discovered seven supermassive black hole quarrels surrounded by dust, existed in less than a billion years.

Supermassive black holes, which consume a huge amount of matter and illuminate as bright quasars hidden in the thick clouds of dust, have long been suspected of having a 13.8 billion -year -old cosmos called Cosmic Dawn in the early period, but appeared to be frustrated.

This is the first detection of hidden but bright quasars in the early universe. This indicates that quasars can actually be twice as common in Cosmic Dawn, as previously suspected, investigators said.

“This discovery was only possible with a unique combination of two powerful telescopes,” said team leader Yoshiki Matsuoka from Ehime University in Japan.

“A broad and sensitive Subaru telescope study allowed us to notice rare, illuminated galaxies, and JWST was able to catch a weak infrared light from hidden quasars,” Matsuoka added. ” “

Quasars in Cosmic Dawn

Supermassive black holes with masses millions or billions of times when the sun sits in the heart of all the Galaxies of the Modern Universe. However, not all these black holes are smooth. Some, for example, a supermassive black hole in the heart of the Milky Way, shooter A* (Sgr a*) are quiet because they do not feed on the materials surrounding them.

Others are greedy things that surround them by a planned, rotating cloud called an accumulative disc. Due to the enormous severity of these black holes, this material causes flooding forces that cause intense friction, gas and dust heating to the same temperature as millions of degrees. Meanwhile, the material in the disk is directed to the supermassive black hole poles with powerful magnetic fields, from which it explodes like almost light speed jet planes.

Both of these processes radiate a huge amount of energy through the electromagnetic spectrum, which looks like astronomers from long distances as quasars.

Given the extreme and brutal quasios, it is not surprising that these supermassive black holes have been thought to have played a vital role in the formation of galaxies, and thus in the evolution of the universe. However, there are still some mystery related to the formation of early supermassive black holes before the universe has been a billion years.

Thus, astronomers carefully hunted the quasi, which existed during the Cosmic Dawn, which lasted about 50 million to one billion years after the Great Bang, when the first star and galaxy were thought to be formed. If there were many supermassive black holes at the moment, scientists have forced frequently formed frequently and broadly, due to the death of first -generation stars, as today, as in the star mass black hole.

However, if the Cosmic Dawn supermassive black holes were low, researchers theoreties theoretical Titans were formed only under special circumstances, perhaps due to the direct collapse of gas and dust clouds.

Due to the brightness of the quasks, these supermassive black holes should be quite noticeable even over long distances, and in fact, the new research team has used the Subaru telescope to discover more than 200 quasars. However, there is an obstacle: Quasons usually notice the exhaust of their ultraviolet rays, but cosmic dust is a very good radiation absorber of this type.

This means that severe quashe emissions may not be achieved, which would mean that the quasars we find are only part of the nourishing supermassive black holes that have existed in the Cosmic Dawn.

In order to reveal these hidden quasks, this team turned to a survey conducted with the Subaru telescope (HSC-SP) Hyper Sprime-Cam instrument, looking for very bright galaxies that show signs of high energy emissions but lack of quashers’ fingers.

Using JWST, they could investigate these infrared galaxies, which left those galaxies as visible light (but then stretched to longer wavelengths), allowing them to communicate through the ultraviolet light -absorbing dust clouds. Using its close infrared spectrograph (NirSpec), JWST since 2023. In July By 2024 In July By 2024 October Investigated the 11 most illuminated galaxies.

Seven of these galaxies have shown clear signs of quasios showing that Cosmic Dawn’s first dusty quashers were found.

By examining the light or “spectrum” of these galaxies, the team found that quasars emit energy, equivalent to several trillions of sun and are powered by Supermassive Black Holes, which are billions of times higher than our star. These characteristics are reminiscent of the properties of unprotected quasars previously set out in Cosmic Dawn.

Researchers also learned that these quasi -surrounding dust absorbs about 99.9% of their ultraviolet light and 70% of the visible light they emit. So, I am not surprised, these space Titans have remained so effectively hidden.

The number of quasars for the teams investigated by the space indicates that the population of quasi -casarians is similar to that of unrelenting quasars. Thus, the team calculates the Quasar population Cosmic Dawn to make it approximately twice as high as previously rated.

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The team now intends to explore these eclipsed quasiors to determine why their environment is so different from unprotected quasi. They also intend to hunt more masked black holes in a wider example of galaxies, which existed in the early space era.

Researchers say that such work can reveal a full population of supermassive black holes, Cosmic Dawn.

The team survey was published in the Astrophysical Journal of July.